The paper
clip: It’s just a thin piece of steel wire bent into a double-oval shape, but over
the past century, no one has invented a better method of holding loose sheets of paper
together.
For centuries, straight pins, string and other materials were used as fasteners,
but they punctured or damaged the papers. While the paper clip seems like such an obvious
solution, its success had to wait for the invention of steel wire, which was
"elastic" enough to be stretched, bent and twisted.
The first paper clip was invented in 1867 by Samuel Fay. The patent was issued on April 23rd for a Ticket Fastener. Fay specified in the description that in addition to attaching tickets to garments it could be used to hold papers together. Fay's design along with the 50 other designs patented prior to 1899 are not even close to the modern design we know today.
A patent for the paper clip as we know it was issued November 9th 1899 to William D. Middlebrook of Waterbury, Connecticut.
Middlebrook invented not just the paper clip but he also invented a machine
to produce the paper clip.
Cushman and Denison, a manufacturing company already in the paper clip and office supply business, purchased the Middlebrook patent in 1899. That same year Cushman and Denison also trademarked the name "GEM" for their new paper clip. The design was perfected further by rounding the sharp points of the wire so the wouldn't catch, scratch or tear the papers.
By 1907, the Gem brand rose to prominence as the perfect paper clip that "will hold securely your letters, documents, or memoranda without perforation or mutilation until you wish to release them. " Since then, literally zillions of paper clips have been sold.
Interesting trivia side bar:
The inventor who is named the most often as the inventor of the paper clip
is a Norweigan named Johan Vaaler. He first patented his paper clip design in Germany in 1899 because Norway had no patent law at the time. He then received an American patent in 1901. Vaaler's American patent drawing shows several kinds of paper clips, from square to triangular to one that looks a lot like the elliptical ones in wide use today. But the wire does not form the familiar loop within a loop.
Despite Vaaler not doing anything with his invention, Norwegians have proudly embraced their countryman as the true inventor. In fact, during the Nazi occupation of Noway in World War II, Norwegians made the paper clip a symbol of national unity. Prohibited from wearing buttons imprinted with the Norwegian king's initials, they fastened paper clips to their lapels in a show of solidarity and opposition to the occupation. Evidently it annoyed the Germans because wearing a paper clip was often reason enough for arrest.
The post-war years saw a wide-spread consolidation of the paper clip as
a national symbol in Norway. Authors of books and articles on the history of
Norwegian technology eagerly seized it to make a thin story more
substantial. They chose to overlook the fact that Vaaler's clip was not
the same as the fully developed Gem-type clip and in 1989 a giant paper clip, almost 7 meters high, was erected on the campus of a commercial college near Oslo
in honour of Vaaler. The irony is that
this monument shows a Gem-type clip, not the style patented by Vaaler.
And that's a Friday Fact!
The facts in this post were taken from the website :ideafinder.com