Friday Facts

July 04, 2008

Friday Fact - Frisbees

Frisbees are a common sight at 4th of July cookouts.  Here's their story:

A baker named William Russel Frisbie, of Warren, Connecticut and later, of Bridgeport, came up with a clever marketing idea back in the 1870s.  He put the family name in relief on the bottom of the tin pans used for his company's homemade pies.  That way, when people finished eating the pie, they'd get a reminder of who made it. 

Bttf3_pieplate

It wasn't long before the empty pie pans captured the imagination of bored Yale students. They began sailing the empty pie tins through the air and catching them as a fun way to pass time.  Not surprisingly, they referred to the flying saucers as “Frisbies” and the game of tossing them was called “Frisbie-ing”. A new craze was born.

Fast forward to 1948.  A Los Angeles building inspector and flying saucer enthusiast named Walter Frederick Morrison and his partner Warren Franscioni came up with an idea to cash in on the growing popularity of UFOs.  They invented a metal disc that could fly through the air. It was called a Pluto Platter. and  they began to sell them for $1 through outlets like Woolworth and Disneyland.  Unfortunately, sales didn't pan out as they had hoped (pun intended).

They decided to share their invention with a company named Wham-O...the makers of other classics like the Hula-Hoop, the Super Ball, and the Water Wiggle...and that made all the difference.
  Wham-O changed the disc's name to Flyin' Saucers" and, thanks to their marketing capabilities, the sales of the discs started to take off (yes, another shameless pun)...especially after they started making them out of lightweight plastic instead of tin.
Frisbee
Now, this was all unbeknownce to the students at Yale who were still sailing the empty pie pans through the air. When the president, Richard Knerr, of Wham-O Company saw them he distributed the plastic Flying Saucers to the students. They loved it.

Knerr...being the businessman that he was...decided to change the name of his disc to "Frisbie"...but spelled it "Frisbee" to avoid legal problems.
It was a match made in heaven. The popularity of playing with Frisbees soared. Soon, casual games on campus lawns and beaches were a common sight and Frisbee-ing became a favorite pastime.  Why, even dogs got to loving it. 

But then, something even more remarkable happened. In the 1960s, Frisbee-ing transformed from a past time into a sport...or should I say sports.
In 1964 it became a professional sport, complete with a professional model of the Frisbee.  Then in  1967,  Maplewood, New Jersey high school students invented Ultimate Frisbee, a sport that's a cross between football, soccer, and basketball.  The Frisbee used for it is larger and weighs slightly more than a regular Frisbee.  Ultimate Frisbee programs are now found in 42 countries. 
Ten years later another variation of Frisbeeing was born: disc golf.  Los Angeles, California was the first location to have a disc golf course., but now, the number of  courses is numbered at about 500 and it's turned into a big business...complete with tournaments and rankings.
And that's a Friday Fact!

JUNE

Post Note
Mattel, Inc. purchased Wham-O in 1994 along with the rights to the Frisbee. But other companies are now also producing versions of Frisbees.

June 13, 2008

Friday Fact - Shakespeare Speak

Did you know that Shakespeare contributed more phrases to the English language than the Bible or any other work...and many more than any other individual? 

ShakespearePA_449x600

Here is a list of most of them as compiled by The Phrase Finder.  If you click on the link of a phrase it'll take you to a page explaining its origin.

A dish fit for the gods
A fool's paradise
A foregone conclusion
A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse
A plague on both your houses
A rose by any other name would smell as sweet
A sea change
A sorry sight
Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety
Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio
All corners of the world
All one to me
All that glitters is not gold / All that glisters is not gold
All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players
All's well that ends well
And thereby hangs a tale
As cold as any stone
As dead as a doornail
As good luck would have it
As merry as the day is long
As pure as the driven snow
At one fell swoop
Bag and baggage
Beware the ides of March
Brevity is the soul of wit
But, for my own part, it was Greek to me
Come the three corners of the world in arms
Come what come may
Comparisons are odorous
Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war
Discretion is the better part of valour
Double, double toil and trouble, fire burn, and cauldron bubble
Eaten out of house and home
Et tu, Brute
Even at the turning of the tide
Exceedingly well read
Eye of newt and toe of frog, wool of bat and tongue of dog
Fair play
Fancy free
Fie, foh, and fum, I smell the blood of a British man
For ever and a day
Frailty, thy name is woman
Foul play
Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears
Good men and true
Good riddance
Green eyed monster
Hark, hark! the lark at heaven's gate sings
He will give the Devil his due
Heart's content
High time
His beard was as white as snow
Hoist by your own petard
How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless child
I bear a charmed life
I have not slept one wink
I will wear my heart upon my sleeve
If music be the food of love, play on
In a pickle
In my mind's eye, Horatio
In stitches
In the twinkling of an eye
Is this a dagger which I see before me?
It beggar'd all description
It is meat and drink to me
Lay it on with a trowel
Lie low
Like the Dickens
Love is blind
Make your hair stand on end
Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues we write in water
Milk of human kindness
Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows
More fool you
More honoured in the breach than in the observance
Much Ado about Nothing
Mum's the word
My salad days
Neither a borrower nor a lender be  (I actually thought Ben Franklin coined this one)
No more cakes and ale?
Now is the winter of our discontent
O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo
Off with his head
Oh, that way madness lies
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more
Out of the jaws of death
Pound of flesh
Primrose path
Rhyme nor reason
Salad days
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything
Screw your courage to the sticking place
Send him packing
Set your teeth on edge
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Short shrift
Shuffle off this mortal coil
Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep
Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon 'em
Something is rotten in the state of Denmark
Star crossed lovers
Stiffen the sinews
Stony hearted
Such stuff as dreams are made on
The course of true love never did run smooth
The crack of doom
The Devil incarnate
The game is afoot
The game is up
The quality of mercy is not strained
The Queen's English
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on
There's method in my madness
Thereby hangs a tale
This is the short and the long of it
This is very midsummer madness
This precious stone set in the silver sea, this sceptered isle
Though this be madness, yet there is method in it
Thus far into the bowels of the land
To be or not to be, that is the question
To gild refined gold, to paint the lily
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub
Too much of a good thing
Truth will out
Under the greenwood tree
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown
Vanish into thin air
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers
We have seen better days
Wear your heart on your sleeve
What a piece of work is man
What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet
When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions
Where the bee sucks, there suck I
While you live, tell truth and shame the Devil!
Who wooed in haste, and means to wed at leisure
Wild goose chase
Woe is me

And that's a Friday Fact!

JUNE

June 06, 2008

Friday Fact - Pepper As Medicine

The other day Blue Ridge Blue Collar Girl Beth posted about how she stopped her husband's bleeding wound by pouring ground pepper on it.  Coincidently,  Colleen at Loose Leaf Notes commented that just the night before, she had gashed her leg and poured cayenne pepper on it to stop the bleeding.  In both cases, the bleeding stopped almost immediately.

I'm familiar with some natural remedies, but I'd never heard of this.  Of course, I immediately thought that this could be a good topic for a Friday Fact.

Pepper Black1

Pepper gets its spicy heat mostly from the piperine compound that's found both in the outer fruit, but for this spiciness to be released, the unripe berries of the pepper plant have to be cooked in hot water.  This ruptures the cell walls in the fruit and speeds the work of browning enzymes during drying. The berries are then dried for several days, during which time the fruit around the seed shrinks and darkens into a thin, wrinkled black layer...a fungal reaction.  What results are the black peppercorns we love to grind up over food. 

And, it seems, that in addition to making our food taste good, pepper also makes us healthy and  was used since antiquity as a medicine. Long pepper, being stronger, was often the preferred medication, but both long and black pepper was used. 

Among the uses of pepper noted in Ayurveda medicine sources: to remedy constipation, diarrhea, earache, gangrene, heart disease, hernia, indigestion, insect bites, insomnia, joint pain, liver problems, lung disease, oral abscesses, and sunburn.  Talk about a wonder drug!  Later, various sources from the 5th century onward also recommend pepper to treat eye problems, often by applying salves made with pepper directly to the eye.  In traditional Chinese medicine, black pepper has been used for the treatment of epilepsy.

Here are some other possible benefits of black pepper noted more currently by Anne Clarke:
  • alleviates hemmorrhoids
  • alleviates gas
  • alleviates constipation
  • improves digestion
  • promotes sweating
  • promotes urination
  • provides an anti-oxidant effect
  • stimulates the breakdown of fat cells
Now, I'm certainly no doctor so let me put out a clear disclaimer: I have no idea that any of these treatments has any benefit.  Still...we do have first hand testimony from Beth and Colleen, and from what I'm gathering on internet searches, many others whose experience proves at least that pepper can be used to stop bleeding.

Ehow.com gives these instructions for doing so:

Step 1:
Rinse the cut. Make sure to get rid of any dirt or foreign matter that you might find. Be sure to cleanse it thoroughly before doing anything that might press infectious material further into the cut.

Step2:
Dab up any bleeding as best you can with a clean, sterile cloth or paper towel. If possible, keep the affected body part elevated; gravity will help stop the bleeding during this part of your treatment.

Step3:
Put black pepper on the cut. Ground black pepper is ideal for this, whether from the kitchen shaker or from packets of black pepper.

Step4:
Bandage securely. Depending on the size of the cut, use a normal adhesive strip, or, if necessary, adhesive tape with gauze. Be sure to cover all areas of the cut to help stop the bleeding and to keep out dirt and germs.

Step5:
Check the cut daily to monitor healing. With one application you should see significant progress such that you shouldn't have to repeat the process. You will notice that the black pepper has the effect of stopping the bleeding while assuring that the cut heals, often without much indication of scarring.

And that's a Friday Fact!

JUNE

Post Note
According to Wikipedia it's native to India and has been used as a spice there since at least 2000 BCE. 
Referred to as "black gold" (this was before crude oil folks), it was a much prized and sought after trade good.  In fact, it was actually used as a form of money for a while.  The term peppercorn rent" is still used in India today. 

Until well after the Middle Ages, virtually all of the pepper found in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa came from India. Its exorbitant price during the Middle Ages - and the monopoly on the trade held by Italy - was one of the inducements that led the Portuguese to seek a sea route to India. 
Its desirability eventually led to wars over it and European colonial occupation in the region.  Ah, yes...we know how that goes! 









May 23, 2008

Friday Fact - Muscovy Ducks

Tell me, how can this...

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...turn into this?

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This is a Muscovy duck. It is by far the most prolific type of duck in Florida...well, at least south Florida...where they've become part of the urban landscape and a bit of a nuisance.  You see, they like to nest in shrubs and flower beds and their favorite place to poop seems to be on the walk between your front door and your car.   They're the only domestic duck not derived from mallard stock. 

Muscovy ducks are a South American species. They're the only domestic duck not derived from mallard stock.  Heck, for years I thought they were the ONLY duck!  They were the only ones I ever saw when growing up. 

So how did these ducks come to be so common here in Florida?

When Columbus came to the New World, he found that Native Americans had domesticated ducks. Then, by the 1500s, a few of these ducks were brought to Europe by the Muscovy Company.  In keeping with the common practice to name products after their importer, the ducks came to be known as "Muscovy ducks".

The Muscovy soon became domesticated in Europe, and then, it became popular as something to eat.  Commercially known as Barbary duck, its meat is less greasy, more tender, and leaner than the meat of other domestic ducks.  It's often compared to veal.  Click here to see a modern day company selling Muscovy duck meat.

Later, when Florida began to develop, large numbers of Muscovies were brought in to Florida to help keep the mosquito population in check.  You see, the Muscovy loves to eat mosquito larvae and flying adults. They also like roaches and flies.  So no need to feed them bread, ya'll.  Anyway, since Muscovy ducks are sedentary and don't have established migration patterns, they stuck around and their population got larger and larger and larger.

Given that Muscovy hens can set three times a year at 8 to 21 eggs each time, I guess they're here to stay.

And that's a Friday Fact!

June_3

Post Note
Muscovy ducks don't swim much because their oil glands are under developed to most ducks.


May 09, 2008

Friday Fact -Bottled Water

The next time you reach for some bottled water, think of these facts:

About 25% of bottled water sold is simply re-processed/used municipal (city) water, including Aquafina from Pepsi Cola and Dasani from Coca-Cola.  Yes, Yes, the next time you reach for them, know that you're getting nothing more than water reprocessed from municipal water systems.   

Aquafina

 

Here's another:  about 22 percent of brands tested contain, in at least one sample, chemical contaminants at levels above state health limits.  But even if the water itself is pure, the plastic container is apt to leak chemicals such as phthalates, or Bisphenol A into the water. That's why they have expiration dates noted.  Really? If the dates are on the bottles, my eyes are too weak to find them. Of course, industry associations claim "bottled water can be used indefinitely if stored properly (cool, dark and dry places).

Yet another fact: plastic water bottles are generally recyclable, but around 80% of bottled water bottles sold in the U.S. aren't and they end up in landfills.  Worldwide, recycling rates are even lower: up to 90% of bottles are not recycled.

320pxlots_of_bottled_water

And finally, there's the matter of getting the bottles to us: in addition to the energy it takes to move a plastic bottle from where it is made to where it is filled, once a bottle is ready to go to market, large amounts of fossil fuel are used delivering it to us. Some bottled water is transported long distances by ship in addition to the distances it travels by truck or rail. 

Overall, the average energy cost to make the plastic...to fill the bottle...to transport it to market...and then to deal with the waste...would be like filling up one quarter of every bottle with crude oil. Think about that! 

Better all the way around to save your money and use metal bottles to make your water portable. There are lots to choose from, including those from Sigg.  Be careful though. Some that have been made in China can contain lead.   

June

Post Note
Be sure to read Amelia's comment regarding Sigg bottles.  I didn't know or I'd not have used them as an example! Also,  for daily eco-friendly tips, read my friend Shannon's blog Going Crunchy. They're good and oftentimes pretty simple...really!

 

April 25, 2008

Friday Fact -Life Savers

Does anyone buy Life Savers any more?  I can hardly find the rolls in the stores, although it's said that they can be found in over a million places.  Is this yet another slice of life that has faded away? 

Life Savers candy was first created in 1912 by Clarence Arthur Crane, an Ohio candy maker and father of the famed poet Hart Crane. Crane was looking for a new "summer candy" to supplement his chocolate business, which slumped in hot weather.  Remember iced tea's Friday Fact?  That too was born from the needs of summer.

Crane envisioned a round, flat peppermint in preference to the pillow-shaped ones then being imported from Europe. Since he didn't have his own machinery, he hired a pharmaceutical pill maker to press his new mints into a circle. As luck would have it, the pill manufacturer's machinery malfunctioned and the pressing process only worked when the mints were stamped with a hole in the middle. It was their shape that inspired their name - they looked like the miniature throwable life preservers that were just beginning to come into use after the Titanic disaster. 

So Life Savers they became. "Crane's Peppermint Life Savers, to be exact. What we now view primarily as sweet things was first marketed as a breath improver: the original product packaging pictured an old seaman throwing a life preserver to a young female swimmer with the slogan "For That Stormy Breath." In fact, Life Savers' early market breakthrough came when saloon owners were sold on offering them in place of the free cloves they usually provided for their patrons to chew.

In 1913, Crane sold the formula for his Life Savers candy to Edward Noble for only $2,900.  Noble started his own candy company and began producing and selling the mints.  They were now known as Pep-O-Mint Life Savers.  Other flavors followed.

In 1921 fruit drops made their debut, but they were solid until  1925 when technology improved to allow a hole in the center of the fruit candies too. They were introduced as the "fruit drop with the hole" and came in four flavors: grape, orange, lemon and lime, each of which were packaged in their own separate rolls.

Lifesavers3

1935 brought us the classic "Five-Flavor" roll, offering a selection of five different flavors in each roll. 

Time brought different owners - Beech-Nut, Nabisco, Hershey, and Beta Brands all took their turns - and more flavors. As of now, there are twelve different roll varieties and twenty-five flavors all brought to you by Wrigley's.

And that's a Friday Fact!

June_3

 

April 11, 2008

Friday Fact -The Gulf Stream

I've got a bug and I'm feeling neither creative or focused.  So it's pretty much straight Wikipedia for this week's Friday Fact. 

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current  that originates in the Gulf of Mexico, exits through the Strait of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. At about 30°W, 40°N, it splits in two, with the northern stream crossing to northern Europe and the southern stream recirculating off West Africa. The Gulf Stream proper is a western-intensified current, largely driven by wind stress, while the North Atlantic Drift, in contrast, is largely thermohaline circulation driven.

Gulf_stream

The Gulf Stream influences the climate of the east coast of North America from Florida to Newfoundland, and the west coast of Europe.

In Florida where it's just a mile or two off the coast, winters are kept warm. During the summer, the effect is opposite but smaller. 

Up north, the Gulf Stream makes the climate of offshore islands of Massachusetts, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket milder than that of Massachusetts Bay, which is isolated from Gulf Stream effects by Cape Cod.

Then, The North Atlantic Current makes Western Europe and especially Northern Europe warmer than they otherwise would be. Ireland is a  couple of degrees warmer than the east.  However the difference is most dramatic in the western coastal islands of Scotland.  Plockton, just east of the Isle of Skye, on the west coast of Scotland, has a mild enough climate to support palm-like cabbage trees even though it is a degree further north than Moscow.  

There is some speculation that global warming could decrease or shutdown thermohaline circulation and therefore reduce the North Atlantic Drift. Put another way, global warming might (might??) cause massive Greenland ice-sheets to melt and/or break off.   Explaining how this affects the Gulf Stream is too technical for a blog called "Spatter".  You'll have to do that research yourself if you're so inclined.  Here, you'll have to trust that it can. 

The timescale that this might happen in is unclear; estimates range from a few decades to a few hundred years. This could trigger localized cooling in the North Atlantic and lead to cooling (or lesser warming) in that region, particularly affecting areas that are warmed by the North Atlantic Drift, such as Scandinavia and Great Britain.

Interesting that global warming can at the same time make places colder! The chances of this occurring are unclear, but given what I see happening at the poles, I'd be willing to bet on it.  The question for me is not "if" but "when".

And that's a Friday Fact!

June

 

March 21, 2008

Friday Fact -The Easter Bunny

So many of our holidays (holy days) have symbols with pagan roots. Easter... the day that defines Christianity...is no exception. 

Back in the second century Christian missionaries took their message and traveled north. During their journey they happened upon the Saxons who happened to be busy celebrating the vernal equinox and the return of spring. Their celebration was called the festival of Eastre...named after their goddess of fertility. 

Eager to convert the Saxons, the Christian missionaries cleverly translated the celebration into Christian terms and their observation of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It wasn't hard to do. After all, the pagan festival occurred at the same time of year and both traditions spoke to the renewal of life. Some might argue as to who adopted who's story...but I'll leave that for another discussion.

Anyway, the two cultures got on the same page and "Easter" was born. Christian symbols combined with pagan symbols into one big celebration. The cross was obviously the Christian symbol.  The pagans contributed the rabbit and the egg, both symbols of birth and new life.   

Ad_easter_rabbit

But did you know there's actually a mythological story linked to the Easter Bunny and Easter Eggs?

The goddess Eastre felt very bad for arriving late one year and in order to help make amends for this she decided to save the life of a poor bird whose wings had frozen in the snow. Eastre made this bird her pet. Feeling compassion for this bird because he could no longer fly, Eastre decided to turn him into a snow hare named Lepus and she gave him the ability to run very fast so he could avoid hunters...most notably, Orion.  She also gave him one other special gift.  In remembrance of his life as a bird, Eastre gave Lepus the ability to lay eggs.  Not only could Lepus lay eggs, but his eggs would be all the colors of the rainbow. There was just one catch.  Lepus could only lay these eggs on the day that the festival of Eastre was celebrated. 

And that's a Friday Fact!

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Post Note

Not new, but still good for a chuckle:

Bunnies762083gif


March 07, 2008

Friday Fact - Daylight Savings Time

First the calendar, now the clock. This weekend is the return of Daylight Savings Time. Twice a year we adjust our clocks to suit our needs and desires.  And why not...after all, time is relative.  Any quantum physics fans reading this?

Pic

For millennia, people used sundials to measure time based on the position of the sun: it was noon when the sun was highest in the sky. Even when  mechanical clocks began to appear, cities would set their town clock by measuring the position of the sun. The fact that the sun's position was different in different cities was of little concern. 

The idea of Daylight Savings Time (DST) was first conceived by Benjamin Franklin while he was living in Paris in 1784, but DST was actually first seriously advocated by London builder William Willett. During one of his pre-breakfast horseback rides, he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through the best part of a summer day.  And as an avid golfer, he also disliked having to cut short his round at dusk. In a pamphlet titled "Waste of Daylight" (1907), Willett wrote:

"Everyone appreciates the long, light evenings. Everyone laments their shortage as Autumn approaches, and everyone has given utterance to regret that the clear, bright light of an early morning during Spring and Summer months is so seldom seen or used". 

His solution?  To advance clocks twenty minutes on each of four Sundays in April, and then, reverse them on four Sundays in September. He lobbied this proposal unsuccessfully until his death in 1915.

But then came World War I. In an effort to conserve fuel needed to produce electric power, Germany and its allies adopted DST on April 30, 1916. They advanced the clock one hour until the following October. Several other countries on both sides of the Atlantic and of the war immediately adopted this action. Then, three weeks later Britain followed suit.  One year later, Australia and Newfoundland began DST.

What of the United States?

Standard time in time zones was instituted by the railroads in 1883, but DST wasn't formally adopted in this country until 1918. The law both established national standard time zones and set summer DST to begin on March 31,1918.

180pxvictorycigarcongresspassesdst

It was observed for seven months in 1918 and 1919, but after the war ended, the law proved so unpopular...mostly because people rose earlier and went to bed earlier than people do today...that it was repealed with a Congressional override of President Wilson's veto.

At that point DST became a local option. A few states continued it, such as  Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and in some cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. With the exception of 1942-1945, when World War II President Roosevelt instituted year-round DST called "War Time", the lack of a federal DST law remained.  States and localities not only chose whether or not to use it, but they were free to choose when it began and ended. 

As you might imagine, this created quite a bit of confusion. By the 1960s, observance of DST was a very inconsistent hodgepodge. Many business interests, including the transportation industry favored DST. Farmers, on the other hand, opposed standardization.

In 1966, with some 100 million Americans already observing DST, Congress decided to step in and end the confusion.  The Uniform Time Act of 1966 was passed and then signed into law by President Johnson. But wait...the law allowed any state exemption from DST by merely passing a state law.  Huh?

The story continues...in 1972, Congress revised the law to provide that, if a state was in two or more time zones, the state could exempt the part of the state that was in one time zone while providing that the part of the state in a different time zone would observe DST.  Huh?

Some may not be aware of this, but DST is still not uniformly adopted in this country.  The federal law that established it and at the same time not requiring it, remains unchanged.  The law only requires that if a state chooses to observe DST, it must follow the starting and ending dates set by the law. Arizona, Hawaii and the territories of Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa still don't observe DST.  They alone stay on standard time all year, no doubt to minimize their sweltering summer temperatures.

June_signature_2

Post Note
Seventy countries now utilize DST in at least a portion of the country.  Japan, India, and China are the only major industrialized countries that don't observe some form of DST.




 

 


February 29, 2008

Friday Fact - Leap Year

Feb29

Today is February 29th, a day that only shows up during leap years. Yup, 2008 is a leap year...one additional day to have Bush/Cheney running things. 

Most people know that leap years were added to the calendar to keep it in alignment with the solar year...the actual time it takes the Earth to travel around the sun: 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds.   

These added hours and minutes may not seem like much of a difference, but after a few years, they begin to add up.  After four years, it adds up to about a day, but if left unchecked...say a hundred years...the difference would amount to about 25 days.  That would mean that instead of summer beginning in June, it would start almost a month later, in July.  This wouldn't do so every four years a leap day is added to the calendar to allow it to catch up to the solar year. 

Egypt5

The Egyptians were the ones that came up with the idea, and I'm still amazed that they figured it out. Later, the Romans adopted this solution for their Julian calendar, and they designated February 29th as the leap day. 

Done.

But wait, it seems that adding a day every four years didn't quite do the trick.  It turned out that this simple formula eventually adds too many days. Things still got out of alignment.  Enter the Gregorian calendar in 1582.  With the Gregorian calendar leap years were omitted three times every four hundred years.  Again, I'm wondering how they figured this all out. So here's the actual "rules" for leap years:

  1. Every year divisible by 4 is a leap year.
  2. But every year divisible by 100 is Not a leap year
  3. Unless the year is also divisible by 400, then it is still a leap year.

Got all that?  No matter. Thankfully, it's all done for us. 

And that's a Friday Fact!

June_signature

Post Note

In 5th century Ireland St. Bridget complained to St. Patrick about women having to wait so long for a man to propose.  According to the legend, St. Patrick said the yearning females could do the proposing on this one day in February during the leap year.  They called it St. Bridget's Complaint.  Of course, here in the U.S. we call it Sadie Hawkins Day... when unmarried women have the "right" to run after unmarried men and propose to them.

Nov9_sadie_hawkins_day1

 

 

 

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